In today's rapidly evolving technological landscape, organizations face a critical and weighty decision regarding their IT infrastructure: should they maintain on-premises systems or migrate to the cloud? This choice can significantly impact a company's operations, security, scalability, and bottom line. As businesses strive to stay competitive and agile, understanding the nuances of on-premises and cloud computing becomes essential.

This comprehensive article delves into the intricacies of on-premises and cloud infrastructures, exploring their fundamental differences, benefits, risks, and use cases. By the end of this article, readers will have gained a thorough understanding of both options, equipping them with the knowledge to make informed decisions about their IT strategy.

On-premises infrastructure, often referred to as "on-prem," is the traditional model of IT deployment where an organization houses and maintains its computing resources within its physical premises. This approach involves in-house purchasing, installing, and managing hardware, software, and networking components.

Critical characteristics of on-premises infrastructure include:

Physical Control: On-premises infrastructure provides organizations with direct physical access to their hardware and data centers, a level of control that is unmatched in other deployment models.

Customization: Systems can be tailored to specific organizational needs and preferences.

Long-term Investment: On-premises infrastructure typically involves significant upfront costs and ongoing maintenance expenses, making it a long-term investment that requires careful planning and management.

Resource Management: IT teams are responsible for all aspects of infrastructure management, from hardware upgrades to software updates.

Data Locality: All data and applications reside within the organization's physical boundaries.

For decades, on-premises solutions have been the standard, particularly for large enterprises and organizations with stringent security and compliance requirements.

Cloud computing represents a paradigm shift in IT infrastructure, offering on-demand access to computing resources over the Internet. Instead of owning and maintaining physical hardware, organizations can leverage services provided by cloud vendors, paying only for the resources they use.

Cloud computing encompasses several service models:

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): Provides virtualized computing resources over the Internet.

Platform as a Service (PaaS): This offering offers a platform allowing customers to develop, run, and manage applications without the complexity of maintaining the underlying infrastructure.

Software as a Service (SaaS): This type of service delivers software applications over the Internet on a subscription basis.

Key characteristics of cloud computing include:

Scalability: Resources can be easily scaled up or down based on demand.

Accessibility: Services can be accessed from anywhere with an Internet connection.

Pay-as-you-go Model: Organizations only pay for the resources they consume.

Managed Services: Cloud providers handle much of the infrastructure management, including updates and security patches.

Rapid Deployment: New services and applications can be deployed quickly without hardware procurement.

Cloud computing has gained significant traction recently, with many organizations adopting cloud-first strategies for their IT operations.

Key Differences Between On-Premises and Cloud Computing 

Infrastructure Ownership: The organization owns and maintains all hardware and software

Initial Costs: High upfront investment in hardware, software, and facilities

Ongoing Costs: Predictable; mainly consists of maintenance and upgrades

Scalability: Limited by physical infrastructure; scaling up requires additional hardware purchases

Customization: A high degree of customization is possible

Control: Full control over infrastructure and data

Maintenance Responsibility: The organization is fully responsible for all maintenance

Security: The Organization has full control over security measures

Compliance: Easier to maintain compliance with certain regulations

Performance: Can be optimized for specific workloads

Accessibility: Limited to on-site access or through VPN

Disaster Recovery: Requires significant investment in redundant systems and off-site backups

Updates and Patches: Organization is responsible for all updates

Energy Costs: The organization bears all energy costs for running data centers

Innovation Speed: Can be slower due to procurement and deployment processes

Infrastructure Ownership: Cloud provider owns and maintains infrastructure; organization rents resources

Initial Costs: Low or no upfront costs; pay-as-you-go model

Ongoing Costs: Variable, based on usage and selected services

Scalability: Highly scalable; resources can be adjusted on-demand

Customization: Limited customization options, depending on the service model

Control: Shared control with cloud provider; limited physical access

Maintenance Responsibility: Cloud provider handles most infrastructure maintenance

Security: Shared responsibility model; provider secures infrastructure, customer secures data and access

Compliance: May require additional measures to ensure compliance, depending on the industry

Performance: May vary based on internet connectivity and service provider performance

Accessibility: Accessible from anywhere with Internet connectivity

Disaster Recovery: Often built-in with geo-redundancy and automated backups

Updates and Patches: Cloud provider typically handles infrastructure updates; customer manages application updates

Energy Costs: Energy costs are included in the service fees

Innovation Speed: Rapid access to new technologies and services

Complete Control: Organizations have full control over their hardware, software, and data, allowing for customized configurations and security measures.

Data Sovereignty: Sensitive data remains within the organization's physical premises, which can be crucial for compliance with specific regulations.

Predictable Costs: Ongoing costs are generally more predictable and budget-friendly after the initial investment.

Performance Optimization: Infrastructure can be fine-tuned for specific workloads, offering better performance for certain applications.

Offline Accessibility: Systems can be accessed and operated without an Internet connection, ensuring continuity during network outages.

Long-term Cost Efficiency: Owning infrastructure can be more cost-effective over time for stable, long-running workloads than ongoing cloud fees.

Compliance Adherence: Some industries have strict regulatory requirements that are easier to meet with on-premises infrastructure.

Legacy System Integration: On-premises solutions can integrate more easily with legacy systems that may not be cloud-compatible.

Customization: Organizations can customize their infrastructure to meet specific business needs without being constrained by cloud providers' offerings.

Physical Security: Companies control physical access to their servers and data centers.

Scalability: Resources can be easily scaled up or down based on demand, allowing flexibility in handling varying workloads.

Cost-Effectiveness: The pay-as-you-go model eliminates the need for significant upfront investments in hardware and reduces operational costs.

Accessibility: Services and data can be accessed from anywhere via the Internet, facilitating remote work and global operations.

Automatic Updates: Cloud providers manage infrastructure updates and security patches to ensure that systems are always up-to-date.

Disaster Recovery: Built-in redundancy and geo-replication provide robust disaster recovery capabilities.

Rapid Deployment: New services and applications can be rapidly deployed without hardware procurement.

Innovation: Access cutting-edge technologies and services without in-house development.

Reduced IT Overhead: Cloud providers manage much of the infrastructure, allowing IT teams to focus on strategic initiatives.

Energy Efficiency: Cloud providers optimize resource utilization across multiple clients, potentially reducing energy consumption.

Global Reach: Quickly expand operations to new geographic regions using the cloud provider's global infrastructure.

Risks Associated with On-Premises Infrastructure

High Upfront Costs: Significant initial investment in hardware, software, and facilities can strain financial resources.

Capacity Planning Challenges: Difficulty in accurately predicting future resource needs can lead to over-provisioning or under-provisioning.

Maintenance Burden: Organizations are responsible for all aspects of infrastructure maintenance, which can be time-consuming and costly.

Obsolescence: Rapid technological advancements can quickly render hardware and software outdated.

Limited Scalability: Scaling up requires additional hardware purchases and can be time-consuming.

Single Point of Failure: Without proper redundancy, on-premises infrastructure can be vulnerable to local disasters or hardware failures.

Security Responsibilities: Organizations are responsible for implementing and maintaining security measures.

Energy Costs: Running and cooling data centers can lead to significant energy expenses.

Talent Acquisition: Maintaining on-premises infrastructure requires specialized skills, which can be challenging to recruit and retain.

Limited Global Reach: Expanding to new geographic regions requires significant investment in new infrastructure.

Introduction
In today's rapidly evolving technological landscape, organizations face a critical and weighty decision regarding their IT infrastructure: should they maintain on-premises systems or migrate to the cloud? This choice can significantly impact a company's operations, security, scalability, and bottom line. As businesses strive to stay competitive and agile, understanding the nuances of on-premises and cloud computing becomes essential.
This comprehensive article delves into the intricacies of on-premises and cloud infrastructures, exploring their fundamental differences, benefits, risks, and use cases. By the end of this article, readers will have gained a thorough understanding of both options, equipping them with the knowledge to make informed decisions about their IT strategy.

Understanding On-Premises Infrastructure
On-premises infrastructure, often referred to as "on-prem," is the traditional model of IT deployment where an organization houses and maintains its computing resources within its physical premises. This approach involves in-house purchasing, installing, and managing hardware, software, and networking components.
Critical characteristics of on-premises infrastructure include:
Physical Control: On-premises infrastructure provides organizations with direct physical access to their hardware and data centers, a level of control that is unmatched in other deployment models.
Customization: Systems can be tailored to specific organizational needs and preferences.
Long-term Investment: On-premises infrastructure typically involves significant upfront costs and ongoing maintenance expenses, making it a long-term investment that requires careful planning and management.
Resource Management: IT teams are responsible for all aspects of infrastructure management, from hardware upgrades to software updates.
Data Locality: All data and applications reside within the organization's physical boundaries.
For decades, on-premises solutions have been the standard, particularly for large enterprises and organizations with stringent security and compliance requirements.

Understanding Cloud Computing
Cloud computing represents a paradigm shift in IT infrastructure, offering on-demand access to computing resources over the Internet. Instead of owning and maintaining physical hardware, organizations can leverage services provided by cloud vendors, paying only for the resources they use.
Cloud computing encompasses several service models:
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): Provides virtualized computing resources over the Internet.
Platform as a Service (PaaS): This offering offers a platform allowing customers to develop, run, and manage applications without the complexity of maintaining the underlying infrastructure.
Software as a Service (SaaS): This type of service delivers software applications over the Internet on a subscription basis.
Key characteristics of cloud computing include:
Scalability: Resources can be easily scaled up or down based on demand.
Accessibility: Services can be accessed from anywhere with an Internet connection.
Pay-as-you-go Model: Organizations only pay for the resources they consume.
Managed Services: Cloud providers handle much of the infrastructure management, including updates and security patches.
Rapid Deployment: New services and applications can be deployed quickly without hardware procurement.
Cloud computing has gained significant traction recently, with many organizations adopting cloud-first strategies for their IT operations.

Key Differences Between On-Premises and Cloud Computing 
On-Premises
Infrastructure Ownership: The organization owns and maintains all hardware and software
Initial Costs: High upfront investment in hardware, software, and facilities
Ongoing Costs: Predictable; mainly consists of maintenance and upgrades
Scalability: Limited by physical infrastructure; scaling up requires additional hardware purchases
Customization: A high degree of customization is possible
Control: Full control over infrastructure and data
Maintenance Responsibility: The organization is fully responsible for all maintenance
Security: The Organization has full control over security measures
Compliance: Easier to maintain compliance with certain regulations
Performance: Can be optimized for specific workloads
Accessibility: Limited to on-site access or through VPN
Disaster Recovery: Requires significant investment in redundant systems and off-site backups
Updates and Patches: Organization is responsible for all updates
Energy Costs: The organization bears all energy costs for running data centers
Innovation Speed: Can be slower due to procurement and deployment processes

Cloud Computing:
Infrastructure Ownership: Cloud provider owns and maintains infrastructure; organization rents resources
Initial Costs: Low or no upfront costs; pay-as-you-go model
Ongoing Costs: Variable, based on usage and selected services
Scalability: Highly scalable; resources can be adjusted on-demand
Customization: Limited customization options, depending on the service model
Control: Shared control with cloud provider; limited physical access
Maintenance Responsibility: Cloud provider handles most infrastructure maintenance
Security: Shared responsibility model; provider secures infrastructure, customer secures data and access
Compliance: May require additional measures to ensure compliance, depending on the industry
Performance: May vary based on internet connectivity and service provider performance
Accessibility: Accessible from anywhere with Internet connectivity
Disaster Recovery: Often built-in with geo-redundancy and automated backups
Updates and Patches: Cloud provider typically handles infrastructure updates; customer manages application updates
Energy Costs: Energy costs are included in the service fees
Innovation Speed: Rapid access to new technologies and services

Benefits of On-Premises Infrastructure
Complete Control: Organizations have full control over their hardware, software, and data, allowing for customized configurations and security measures.
Data Sovereignty: Sensitive data remains within the organization's physical premises, which can be crucial for compliance with specific regulations.
Predictable Costs: Ongoing costs are generally more predictable and budget-friendly after the initial investment.
Performance Optimization: Infrastructure can be fine-tuned for specific workloads, offering better performance for certain applications.
Offline Accessibility: Systems can be accessed and operated without an Internet connection, ensuring continuity during network outages.
Long-term Cost Efficiency: Owning infrastructure can be more cost-effective over time for stable, long-running workloads than ongoing cloud fees.
Compliance Adherence: Some industries have strict regulatory requirements that are easier to meet with on-premises infrastructure.
Legacy System Integration: On-premises solutions can integrate more easily with legacy systems that may not be cloud-compatible.
Customization: Organizations can customize their infrastructure to meet specific business needs without being constrained by cloud providers' offerings.
Physical Security: Companies control physical access to their servers and data centers.

Benefits of Cloud Computing
Scalability: Resources can be easily scaled up or down based on demand, allowing flexibility in handling varying workloads.
Cost-Effectiveness: The pay-as-you-go model eliminates the need for significant upfront investments in hardware and reduces operational costs.
Accessibility: Services and data can be accessed from anywhere via the Internet, facilitating remote work and global operations.
Automatic Updates: Cloud providers manage infrastructure updates and security patches to ensure that systems are always up-to-date.
Disaster Recovery: Built-in redundancy and geo-replication provide robust disaster recovery capabilities.
Rapid Deployment: New services and applications can be rapidly deployed without hardware procurement.
Innovation: Access cutting-edge technologies and services without in-house development.
Reduced IT Overhead: Cloud providers manage much of the infrastructure, allowing IT teams to focus on strategic initiatives.
Energy Efficiency: Cloud providers optimize resource utilization across multiple clients, potentially reducing energy consumption.
Global Reach: Quickly expand operations to new geographic regions using the cloud provider's global infrastructure.

Risks Associated with On-Premises Infrastructure
High Upfront Costs: Significant initial investment in hardware, software, and facilities can strain financial resources.
Capacity Planning Challenges: Difficulty in accurately predicting future resource needs can lead to over-provisioning or under-provisioning.
Maintenance Burden: Organizations are responsible for all aspects of infrastructure maintenance, which can be time-consuming and costly.
Obsolescence: Rapid technological advancements can quickly render hardware and software outdated.
Limited Scalability: Scaling up requires additional hardware purchases and can be time-consuming.
Single Point of Failure: Without proper redundancy, on-premises infrastructure can be vulnerable to local disasters or hardware failures.
Security Responsibilities: Organizations are responsible for implementing and maintaining security measures.
Energy Costs: Running and cooling data centers can lead to significant energy expenses.
Talent Acquisition: Maintaining on-premises infrastructure requires specialized skills, which can be challenging to recruit and retain.
Limited Global Reach: Expanding to new geographic regions requires significant investment in new infrastructure.

Risks Associated with Cloud Computing
Data Security: Storing sensitive data on third-party servers raises concerns about unauthorized access and breaches.
Compliance Challenges: Certain industries may face difficulties meeting regulatory requirements when using cloud services.
Vendor Lock-in: Dependency on a specific cloud provider's technologies can make switching providers or migrating back to on-premises challenging.
Internet Dependency: Cloud services require a stable internet connection; outages can disrupt business operations.
Limited Customization: Some cloud services offer limited customization options, which may not meet specific business requirements.
Performance Variability: External factors outside an organization's control can affect cloud performance, such as network latency or provider issues.
Cost Management: Cloud costs can escalate quickly without proper oversight due to unused resources or inefficient utilization.
Data Transfer Bottlenecks: Moving large amounts of data to and from the cloud can be time-consuming and expensive.
Loss of Physical Control: Organizations have limited control over the physical infrastructure and may need to know the exact location of their data.
Shared Resource Vulnerabilities: In multi-tenant environments, vulnerabilities in one client's setup could affect others.

Use Cases for On-Premises Infrastructure
Highly Regulated Industries: Financial services, healthcare, and government sectors often require strict data control and compliance adherence.
High-Performance Computing: Organizations with intensive computational needs may benefit from customized on-premises hardware.
Legacy System Dependencies: Companies with critical legacy applications that are not cloud-compatible may need to maintain on-premises systems.
Sensitive Data Handling: Organizations dealing with highly confidential information may prefer the control offered by on-premises solutions.
Low-Latency Requirements: Applications requiring extremely low latency may perform better on local, on-premises infrastructure.
Offline Operations: Industries operating in remote locations with limited Internet connectivity may require on-premises solutions.
Long-term Stable Workloads: For predictable, long-running workloads, owning infrastructure can be more cost-effective over time.
Customized Hardware Needs: Organizations requiring specialized hardware configurations may opt for on-premises solutions.
Complete Control Requirements: Entities needing full control over every aspect of their IT environment may prefer on-premises infrastructure.
Intellectual Property Protection: Companies with valuable IP may choose on-premises solutions to maintain stricter asset control.

Use Cases for Cloud Computing
Startups and SMBs: Cloud services allow small businesses to access enterprise-grade IT capabilities without significant upfront investments.
Web Applications: Cloud platforms are ideal for hosting and scaling web applications and services.
Big Data Analytics: Cloud services offer scalable resources and specialized tools for processing and analyzing large datasets.
DevOps and Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment (CI/CD): Cloud platforms facilitate agile development practices and automated deployment pipelines.
Disaster Recovery and Backup: Cloud services provide cost-effective and robust disaster recovery solutions.
IoT Data Processing: Cloud infrastructure can handle the massive data streams IoT devices generate.
Machine Learning and AI: Cloud providers offer specialized hardware and services for ML and AI workloads.
Seasonal or Variable Workloads: Businesses with fluctuating demand can quickly scale resources up or down in the cloud.
Global Expansion: Cloud services enable rapid expansion into new geographic markets without significant infrastructure investments.
Collaborative Work Environments: Cloud-based productivity and collaboration tools facilitate remote work and global teamwork.

Hybrid and Multi-Cloud Approaches
As organizations navigate the complexities of modern IT requirements, many are adopting hybrid or multi-cloud strategies to leverage the benefits of both on-premises and cloud infrastructures.

Hybrid Cloud
A hybrid cloud approach combines on-premises infrastructure with public cloud services. This model allows organizations to maintain sensitive workloads on-premises while leveraging the cloud's scalability and cost-effectiveness for other applications.
Benefits of hybrid cloud include:
Flexibility to choose optimal environments for different workloads
Ability to maintain control over sensitive data while leveraging cloud capabilities
Gradual migration path from on-premises to cloud
Cost optimization by running suitable workloads in the most efficient environment

Multi-Cloud
A multi-cloud strategy involves using services from multiple cloud providers. This approach can help organizations avoid vendor lock-in, optimize costs, and leverage the unique strengths of different providers.
Benefits of multi-cloud include:
Reduced dependency on a single provider
Ability to choose best-in-class services from different vendors
Enhanced disaster recovery and business continuity options
Potential for cost savings through competition among providers
Both hybrid and multi-cloud approaches require careful planning and management to ensure seamless integration and optimal resource utilization.

Making the Right Choice for Your Organization
Deciding between on-premises and cloud infrastructure – or adopting a hybrid approach – requires careful consideration of various factors:
Business Requirements: Assess your organization's performance, scalability, and compliance needs.
Cost Analysis: Compare the total cost of ownership for on-premises infrastructure with the long-term costs of cloud services.
Security and Compliance: Evaluate your security requirements and regulatory obligations to determine the most suitable approach.
Existing Infrastructure: Consider your IT investments and the potential for integrating or migrating existing systems.
Scalability Needs: Assess your growth projections and the flexibility required to handle varying workloads.
Technical Expertise: Evaluate your in-house IT capabilities and the resources required to manage different infrastructure models.
Data Sensitivity: Determine the level of control required over your data and the acceptable risk tolerance.
Geographic Distribution: Consider your global presence and the need for distributed infrastructure.
Application Requirements: Review your application portfolio to identify the most suitable environments for different workloads.
Vendor Ecosystem: Assess the tools, services, and support of potential cloud providers or on-premises vendors.

Future Trends and Considerations
As technology continues to evolve, several trends are shaping the future of IT infrastructure:
Edge Computing: The rise of IoT and 5G drives the need for processing closer to data sources, potentially leading to a resurgence of distributed on-premises infrastructure.
Serverless Computing: This cloud computing execution model further abstracts infrastructure management, allowing developers to focus solely on code.
AI and Machine Learning Integration: Both cloud providers and on-premises solutions increasingly incorporate AI and ML capabilities.
Enhanced Security Measures: As cyber threats evolve, cloud and on-premises solutions are developing more sophisticated security features.
Sustainability Focus: Energy efficiency and environmental impact are becoming crucial factors in infrastructure decisions.
Hybrid and Multi-Cloud Management Tools: Improved tools for managing complex, distributed environments are emerging.
Containerization and Microservices: These technologies enable greater flexibility and portability between different environments.
Quantum Computing: While still in its early stages, quantum computing may significantly impact future infrastructure decisions.

Conclusion
Choosing between on-premises and cloud infrastructure is more than just a one-size-fits-all decision. Each approach offers distinct advantages and comes with its own set of challenges. Many organizations find that a hybrid or multi-cloud strategy provides the best balance, allowing them to leverage the strengths of both on-premises and cloud solutions.

The lines between on-premises and cloud infrastructure may blur as technology evolves. The key to success lies in thoroughly understanding your organization's unique requirements, staying informed about technological advancements, and remaining flexible in your approach to IT infrastructure.

Ultimately, the goal is to create an IT environment that supports your business objectives, enhances operational efficiency, ensures security and compliance, and provides the agility needed to compete in today's fast-paced digital landscape. By carefully evaluating the factors discussed in this article and staying attuned to emerging trends, organizations can make informed decisions that position them for success in the ever-changing world of IT infrastructure.

On-Premises vs Cloud, what and when is better to choose.

On-Premises vs Cloud: A Comprehensive Comparison

In the realm of Linux system administration, disk space management is a critical task. Among the many tools available, the df command stands out as one of the most fundamental and widely used utilities. This article explores the power of the df command, highlights its most interesting options, and compares it with alternatives like dust.

The df (disk free) command in Linux provides a concise overview of the disk space usage on your file systems. By default, it displays the total, used, and available space on all mounted file systems.

To get a quick summary of disk usage, simply type:


This command will output something like:

The df command comes with several options that enhance its functionality:

Human-readable format: Adding the -h flag provides a more readable output by displaying sizes in human-friendly units (KB, MB, GB).

Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1        40G  1.2G   36G   4% /
tmpfs           2.0G     0  2.0G   0% /dev/shm

Include filesystem type: The -T option adds a column to show the type of each file system.

Filesystem     Type     1K-blocks     Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1      ext4      41151820  1205408  37785112   4% /
tmpfs          tmpfs      2010928        0   2010928   0% /dev/shm


Inodes usage: If you are concerned about inode usage, which can be crucial for file-heavy systems, the -i option will display the number of inodes used and available.

Filesystem     Inodes  IUsed   IFree IUse% Mounted on
/dev/sda1     2621440  56384 2565056    3% /
tmpfs          502732      1  502731    1% /dev/shm

Combining df with other command-line utilities can yield powerful insights:


Monitoring disk usage over time: You can create a simple script to monitor disk usage periodically and log the results.

To filter the output to only include specific file systems, use the grep command.

Displaying Disk Usage in Different Block Sizes

You can use the -B option to display disk usage in different block sizes, such as bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, or gigabytes.

Displaying Disk Usage for a Specific File System

While df is robust and widely used, there are alternatives like dust that offer enhanced features and more user-friendly outputs.

dust is a Rust-based disk usage tool that provides an intuitive visualization of disk usage, making it easier to spot large files and directories.

You can install dust via cargo, Rust's package manager:

This command provides a more visual and hierarchical view of disk usage, showing a tree structure with the largest directories first.

Visual Representation:df provides a tabular view of disk usage, while dust offers a more graphical and hierarchical representation, making it easier to identify which directories are consuming the most space.

Ease of Use:dust is designed to be more user-friendly and visually appealing, especially for users who prefer a quick glance at their disk usage.

Additional Features:dust includes additional features like interactive modes and the ability to exclude specific directories, which are not available in df.

Basic Disk Usage:df: Provides basic disk usage information for all mounted file systems.
dust: Offers a comprehensive view of disk usage, emphasizing large files and directories.


Human-readable Output:df: Supports human-readable output with the -h option.
dust: Displays human-readable output by default.


File System Type Information:df: Can display the type of each file system with the -T option.
dust: Does not provide file system type information.


Inode Information:df: Displays inode usage with the -i option.
dust: Does not provide inode information.


Visual Output:df: Displays data in a tabular format.
dust: Provides a graphical and hierarchical representation of disk usage, with color coding.


Interactive Mode:df: No interactive mode.
dust: Includes an interactive mode to explore disk usage.


Directory Exclusion:df: Does not support excluding specific directories from the output.
dust: Allows excluding specific directories to refine the disk usage view.


By understanding these differences, you can choose the right tool for your specific needs in disk space management on Linux systems.


In the realm of Linux system administration, disk space management is a critical task. Among the many tools available, the df command stands out as one of the most fundamental and widely used utilities. This article explores the power of the df command, highlights its most interesting options, and compares it with alternatives like dust.

Understanding the "df" Command
The df (disk free) command in Linux provides a concise overview of the disk space usage on your file systems. By default, it displays the total, used, and available space on all mounted file systems.

Basic Usage

To get a quick summary of disk usage, simply type:
 

This command will output something like:
 

Common Options

The df command comes with several options that enhance its functionality:

Human-readable format: Adding the -h flag provides a more readable output by displaying sizes in human-friendly units (KB, MB, GB).

 

Output
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1        40G  1.2G   36G   4% /
tmpfs           2.0G     0  2.0G   0% /dev/shm


Include filesystem type: The -T option adds a column to show the type of each file system.
 

Output
Filesystem     Type     1K-blocks     Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1      ext4      41151820  1205408  37785112   4% /
tmpfs          tmpfs      2010928        0   2010928   0% /dev/shm


Inodes usage: If you are concerned about inode usage, which can be crucial for file-heavy systems, the -i option will display the number of inodes used and available.

 

Filesystem     Inodes  IUsed   IFree IUse% Mounted on
/dev/sda1     2621440  56384 2565056    3% /
tmpfs          502732      1  502731    1% /dev/shm


Interesting Commands

Combining df with other command-line utilities can yield powerful insights:

Monitoring disk usage over time: You can create a simple script to monitor disk usage periodically and log the results.

 

Filtering specific file systems:
To filter the output to only include specific file systems, use the grep command.

 


Displaying Disk Usage in Different Block Sizes
You can use the -B option to display disk usage in different block sizes, such as bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, or gigabytes.

 

However -h seems more memorable to me.

Displaying Disk Usage for a Specific File System
 

Alerting on Low Disk Space
 


Alternatives to "df"

While df is robust and widely used, there are alternatives like dust that offer enhanced features and more user-friendly outputs.

Dust
dust is a Rust-based disk usage tool that provides an intuitive visualization of disk usage, making it easier to spot large files and directories.


Installation
You can install dust via cargo, Rust's package manager:

 

Usage
The basic usage of dust is simple:

 

This command provides a more visual and hierarchical view of disk usage, showing a tree structure with the largest directories first.

Comparison with "df"

Visual Representation:df provides a tabular view of disk usage, while dust offers a more graphical and hierarchical representation, making it easier to identify which directories are consuming the most space.
Ease of Use:dust is designed to be more user-friendly and visually appealing, especially for users who prefer a quick glance at their disk usage.
Additional Features:dust includes additional features like interactive modes and the ability to exclude specific directories, which are not available in df.

Dust vs df
Basic Disk Usage:df: Provides basic disk usage information for all mounted file systems.
dust: Offers a comprehensive view of disk usage, emphasizing large files and directories.

Human-readable Output:df: Supports human-readable output with the -h option.
dust: Displays human-readable output by default.

File System Type Information:df: Can display the type of each file system with the -T option.
dust: Does not provide file system type information.

Inode Information:df: Displays inode usage with the -i option.
dust: Does not provide inode information.

Visual Output:df: Displays data in a tabular format.
dust: Provides a graphical and hierarchical representation of disk usage, with color coding.

Interactive Mode:df: No interactive mode.
dust: Includes an interactive mode to explore disk usage.

Directory Exclusion:df: Does not support excluding specific directories from the output.
dust: Allows excluding specific directories to refine the disk usage view.

By understanding these differences, you can choose the right tool for your specific needs in disk space management on Linux systems.


Conclusion
The df command remains a powerful and essential tool for Linux users, providing detailed information about disk space usage. Its versatility with various options and the ability to combine with other commands make it a go-to utility for many system administrators. However, alternatives like dust offer enhanced visualization and ease of use, making them valuable additions to the toolbox of any Linux user. Understanding and utilizing both df and its alternatives will ensure efficient and effective disk space management on your Linux systems.


Mastering Disk Space Management in Linux using df command

The Power of df

Docker and Docker Compose are powerful tools for developers, providing an efficient way to develop, test, and deploy applications in a consistent environment. Here’s why you should consider using Docker and Docker Compose, along with code examples to illustrate their use.

1. Consistency Across Environments: Docker ensures that your application runs the same way in development, testing, and production environments by encapsulating it and its dependencies in containers.

2. Isolation: Docker containers provide isolated environments, preventing conflicts between applications running on the same system.

3. Scalability: Docker makes it easy to scale applications horizontally by running multiple instances of containers.

4. Efficiency: Docker containers are lightweight and use fewer resources compared to virtual machines.

The developer initiates the process by creating a Dockerfile. This file outlines a set of instructions for building the Docker image, specifying the base image, application files, dependencies, and environment setup.

Next, the developer uses the Dockerfile to build a Docker image. This image encapsulates the application along with its runtime environment and dependencies.The command used for this step is:

After building the image, the developer pushes it to a Docker registry. This action makes the image available for 

others to pull and use. The command for pushing the image is:

By pushing the image to the registry, it becomes accessible for deployment on various servers.

On a remote server, the developer pulls the Docker image from the registry using the docker-compose pull command.

After pulling the image, the developer starts the application with the docker-compose up command. This step creates and starts the Docker container from the pulled image.

The -d flag indicates that the container runs in detached mode, allowing the developer to use the terminal for other tasks while the container runs in the background.

Running Docker Containers on Any Docker-Enabled Machine:

Finally, the observer notes that the developer can run the Docker container on any machine equipped with Docker. This guarantees a consistent environment across different platforms, enhancing the application's portability and manageability.

1. Simplified Multi-Container Applications: Docker Compose allows you to define and manage multi-container Docker applications using a single YAML file.

2. Ease of Use: With a single command, you can start, stop, and rebuild all the services defined in a `docker-compose.yml` file.

3. Networking: Docker Compose sets up a network for your application’s services, enabling them to communicate with each other.

4. Volume Management: It allows for easy management of data volumes, ensuring persistent data across container restarts.

Create a Dockerfile to define the environment for a simple Python application. 

Create a `docker-compose.yml` file to define and manage a multi-container application.

Example 3: Running Docker and Docker Compose

Docker and Docker Compose streamline the process of developing, testing, and deploying applications by providing consistent and isolated environments. Docker allows you to package your application with all its dependencies, ensuring it runs smoothly across different environments. Docker Compose simplifies the management of multi-container applications, making it easier to define, start, and stop services with a single configuration file. By adopting Docker and Docker Compose, you can improve the efficiency, scalability, and reliability of your application development workflow.

Docker and Docker Compose are powerful tools for developers, providing an efficient way to develop, test, and deploy applications in a consistent environment. Here’s why you should consider using Docker and Docker Compose, along with code examples to illustrate their use.

Benefits of Docker

1. Consistency Across Environments: Docker ensures that your application runs the same way in development, testing, and production environments by encapsulating it and its dependencies in containers.
2. Isolation: Docker containers provide isolated environments, preventing conflicts between applications running on the same system.
3. Scalability: Docker makes it easy to scale applications horizontally by running multiple instances of containers.
4. Efficiency: Docker containers are lightweight and use fewer resources compared to virtual machines.


Docker Workflow

Creation of Dockerfile:
The developer initiates the process by creating a Dockerfile. This file outlines a set of instructions for building the Docker image, specifying the base image, application files, dependencies, and environment setup.

Building the Docker Image:
Next, the developer uses the Dockerfile to build a Docker image. This image encapsulates the application along with its runtime environment and dependencies.The command used for this step is:

 

Pushing the Docker Image to a Registry:

After building the image, the developer pushes it to a Docker registry. This action makes the image available for 
others to pull and use. The command for pushing the image is:

 

By pushing the image to the registry, it becomes accessible for deployment on various servers.

Pulling the Docker Image:

On a remote server, the developer pulls the Docker image from the registry using the docker-compose pull command.
The command used is:

 

Starting the Application:

After pulling the image, the developer starts the application with the docker-compose up command. This step creates and starts the Docker container from the pulled image.
The command executed is:

 

The -d flag indicates that the container runs in detached mode, allowing the developer to use the terminal for other tasks while the container runs in the background.

Running Docker Containers on Any Docker-Enabled Machine:

Finally, the observer notes that the developer can run the Docker container on any machine equipped with Docker. This guarantees a consistent environment across different platforms, enhancing the application's portability and manageability.


 


Benefits of Docker Compose

1. Simplified Multi-Container Applications: Docker Compose allows you to define and manage multi-container Docker applications using a single YAML file.
2. Ease of Use: With a single command, you can start, stop, and rebuild all the services defined in a `docker-compose.yml` file.
3. Networking: Docker Compose sets up a network for your application’s services, enabling them to communicate with each other.
4. Volume Management: It allows for easy management of data volumes, ensuring persistent data across container restarts.



 



Code Examples

Example 1: Dockerfile

Create a Dockerfile to define the environment for a simple Python application. 
 


Example 2: docker-compose.yml

Create a `docker-compose.yml` file to define and manage a multi-container application.
 


Example 3: Running Docker and Docker Compose

1. Build and Run with Docker

# Build the Docker image
docker build -t my-python-app .
# Run the Docker container
docker run -p 5000:5000 my-python-app

2. Using Docker Compose

# Start the application
docker-compose up
# Stop the application
docker-compose down
# Rebuild the application
docker-compose up --build

Docker and Docker Compose streamline the process of developing, testing, and deploying applications by providing consistent and isolated environments. Docker allows you to package your application with all its dependencies, ensuring it runs smoothly across different environments. Docker Compose simplifies the management of multi-container applications, making it easier to define, start, and stop services with a single configuration file. By adopting Docker and Docker Compose, you can improve the efficiency, scalability, and reliability of your application development workflow.

Docker and Docker Compose streamline the process of developing, testing, and deploying applications by providing consistent and isolated environments

Why Should You Go with Docker and Docker Compose?

July has been an eventful month for TryDirect, marked by significant updates and improvements across our platform. This report outlines the key changes and enhancements made during this period, focusing on the re-introduction of the “OWN server” deployment feature, updates to the Stack Builder, and adjustments to web application stack settings.

Re-introduction of "OWN server" Deployment Feature

The "OWN server" deployment feature is back and better than ever. This feature, which allows users to install web apps on their own servers, has been completely re-factored and redesigned.

Enhanced Compatibility: Users can now deploy web applications on a variety of hardware, including the popular and affordable Raspberry PI.

Simplified Installation: The deployment process has been streamlined, making it easier for users to set up and manage their web applications on their own servers.

Improved Performance: Optimizations in the code and deployment scripts have resulted in faster setup times and more efficient use of server resources.

Our Stack Builder tool, which simplifies the process of creating and managing web application stacks, received several important updates and fixes this month.

On-Premise/"Own" Server Connector Added: Users now have the option to connect their on-premise servers or "OWN" servers directly through the Stack Builder. This addition provides greater flexibility and control over deployment environments.

Bug Fixes and Stability Improvements: Multiple bugs have been identified and fixed, enhancing the overall stability and reliability of the Stack Builder tool.

We have updated the default settings for PHP-based web applications to better accommodate user needs and improve performance.

These changes ensure that users can upload larger files and post larger forms without encountering issues, enhancing the functionality and user experience of PHP-based web applications.

Overview

July has been an eventful month for TryDirect, marked by significant updates and improvements across our platform. This report outlines the key changes and enhancements made during this period, focusing on the re-introduction of the “OWN server” deployment feature, updates to the Stack Builder, and adjustments to web application stack settings.

Major Updates
Re-introduction of "OWN server" Deployment Feature
The "OWN server" deployment feature is back and better than ever. This feature, which allows users to install web apps on their own servers, has been completely re-factored and redesigned.

Key Improvements:
Enhanced Compatibility: Users can now deploy web applications on a variety of hardware, including the popular and affordable Raspberry PI.
Simplified Installation: The deployment process has been streamlined, making it easier for users to set up and manage their web applications on their own servers.
Improved Performance: Optimizations in the code and deployment scripts have resulted in faster setup times and more efficient use of server resources.

Stack Builder Updates and Fixes
Our Stack Builder tool, which simplifies the process of creating and managing web application stacks, received several important updates and fixes this month.

Notable Changes:
On-Premise/"Own" Server Connector Added: Users now have the option to connect their on-premise servers or "OWN" servers directly through the Stack Builder. This addition provides greater flexibility and control over deployment environments.
Bug Fixes and Stability Improvements: Multiple bugs have been identified and fixed, enhancing the overall stability and reliability of the Stack Builder tool.

Web Application Stacks Update
We have updated the default settings for PHP-based web applications to better accommodate user needs and improve performance.

Updated Defaults:
upload_max_filesize: Increased to 20M
post_max_size: Increased to 20M
These changes ensure that users can upload larger files and post larger forms without encountering issues, enhancing the functionality and user experience of PHP-based web applications.

This report outlines the key changes made, focusing on the re-introduction of the “OWN server” deployment feature, updates to the Stack Builder.

TryDirect Monthly Report - July 2024

In the world of website security, SSL certificates play a crucial role in protecting data transmitted between users and servers. Two popular options for obtaining SSL certificates are Cloudflare SSL and Let's Encrypt. Both offer robust security features, but they cater to different needs and use cases. Here’s a comprehensive comparison of Cloudflare SSL and Let's Encrypt to help you decide which one is the best fit for your requirements.

Cloudflare SSL provides SSL/TLS encryption through its content delivery network (CDN) and security services. Cloudflare offers various levels of SSL certificates, ranging from free to premium, with additional features and services to enhance website performance and security.

- Automatic SSL Certificates: Cloudflare issues and manages SSL certificates automatically, simplifying the process for website owners.

- Flexible SSL Options: Offers Flexible SSL (partially encrypted) and Full SSL (fully encrypted) modes to accommodate different server configurations.

- Advanced Security Features: Includes protection against DDoS attacks, web application firewall (WAF), and more.

- Performance Enhancements: Integrates with Cloudflare's CDN to improve website speed and reliability.

- Universal SSL: Provides free SSL certificates for all domains using Cloudflare.

Let's Encrypt is a free, automated, and open certificate authority (CA) that provides SSL/TLS certificates to enable HTTPS on websites. It is widely used for its simplicity and cost-effectiveness, making it a popular choice among small to medium-sized websites and developers.

- Free SSL Certificates: Issues SSL certificates at no cost, making it accessible to everyone.

- Automated Process: Utilizes the ACME protocol to automate the issuance, renewal, and revocation of certificates.

- Wide Browser Compatibility: Trusted by all major browsers and devices, ensuring broad compatibility.

- Community-Driven: Supported by a large community of developers and organizations dedicated to web security.

- Easy Integration: Can be easily integrated with web servers and hosting platforms using various tools and plugins.

Cloudflare SSL vs. Let's Encrypt: Key Comparisons

Cloudflare SSL: Offers both free and paid plans. The free plan includes Universal SSL, while premium plans provide additional features and support.

Let's Encrypt: Completely free for all users.

Cloudflare SSL: Simplifies the process by automatically issuing and managing certificates once you point your DNS to Cloudflare.

Let's Encrypt: Requires installation and configuration on your web server. Automation tools like Certbot make the process easier, but some technical knowledge is needed.

Cloudflare SSL: Provides additional security features like DDoS protection, WAF, and performance enhancements through its CDN.

Let's Encrypt: Focuses solely on SSL/TLS encryption without additional security features. It provides robust encryption but lacks extra security measures.

Cloudflare SSL: Offers different SSL modes (Flexible, Full, Full Strict) to accommodate various server configurations and security needs.

Let's Encrypt: Provides standard SSL/TLS certificates without flexible modes. It requires your server to support full end-to-end encryption.

Cloudflare SSL: Integrates with Cloudflare's CDN to enhance website speed and performance by caching content and reducing latency.

Let's Encrypt: Does not include CDN services. Performance improvements depend on your server and network setup.

Cloudflare SSL: Offers support through documentation, community forums, and paid support plans.

Let's Encrypt: Supported by a large community with extensive documentation and forums. No dedicated support, but many hosting providers offer integrated support.

Both Cloudflare SSL and Let's Encrypt provide excellent options for securing your website with SSL/TLS encryption. Your choice depends on your specific needs and technical capabilities:

- Choose Cloudflare SSL if: You want a comprehensive solution that includes additional security features, performance enhancements, and easy management through a CDN. It’s ideal for users who want a straightforward setup with extra security and performance benefits.

- Choose Let's Encrypt if: You need a free and open-source solution that provides robust encryption without additional features. It’s perfect for developers and small to medium-sized websites looking for a cost-effective way to implement HTTPS.

By understanding the differences between Cloudflare SSL and Let's Encrypt, you can make an informed decision that best suits your website’s security and performance requirements.

In the world of website security, SSL certificates play a crucial role in protecting data transmitted between users and servers. Two popular options for obtaining SSL certificates are Cloudflare SSL and Let's Encrypt. Both offer robust security features, but they cater to different needs and use cases. Here’s a comprehensive comparison of Cloudflare SSL and Let's Encrypt to help you decide which one is the best fit for your requirements.

What is Cloudflare SSL?

Cloudflare SSL provides SSL/TLS encryption through its content delivery network (CDN) and security services. Cloudflare offers various levels of SSL certificates, ranging from free to premium, with additional features and services to enhance website performance and security.

Key Features of Cloudflare SSL:
- Automatic SSL Certificates: Cloudflare issues and manages SSL certificates automatically, simplifying the process for website owners.
- Flexible SSL Options: Offers Flexible SSL (partially encrypted) and Full SSL (fully encrypted) modes to accommodate different server configurations.
- Advanced Security Features: Includes protection against DDoS attacks, web application firewall (WAF), and more.
- Performance Enhancements: Integrates with Cloudflare's CDN to improve website speed and reliability.
- Universal SSL: Provides free SSL certificates for all domains using Cloudflare.

What is Let's Encrypt?

Let's Encrypt is a free, automated, and open certificate authority (CA) that provides SSL/TLS certificates to enable HTTPS on websites. It is widely used for its simplicity and cost-effectiveness, making it a popular choice among small to medium-sized websites and developers.

Key Features of Let's Encrypt:
- Free SSL Certificates: Issues SSL certificates at no cost, making it accessible to everyone.
- Automated Process: Utilizes the ACME protocol to automate the issuance, renewal, and revocation of certificates.
- Wide Browser Compatibility: Trusted by all major browsers and devices, ensuring broad compatibility.
- Community-Driven: Supported by a large community of developers and organizations dedicated to web security.
- Easy Integration: Can be easily integrated with web servers and hosting platforms using various tools and plugins.


Cloudflare SSL vs. Let's Encrypt: Key Comparisons

1. Cost:
Cloudflare SSL: Offers both free and paid plans. The free plan includes Universal SSL, while premium plans provide additional features and support.
Let's Encrypt: Completely free for all users.

2. Ease of Use:
Cloudflare SSL: Simplifies the process by automatically issuing and managing certificates once you point your DNS to Cloudflare.
Let's Encrypt: Requires installation and configuration on your web server. Automation tools like Certbot make the process easier, but some technical knowledge is needed.

3. Security Features:
Cloudflare SSL: Provides additional security features like DDoS protection, WAF, and performance enhancements through its CDN.
Let's Encrypt: Focuses solely on SSL/TLS encryption without additional security features. It provides robust encryption but lacks extra security measures.

4. Flexibility:
Cloudflare SSL: Offers different SSL modes (Flexible, Full, Full Strict) to accommodate various server configurations and security needs.
Let's Encrypt: Provides standard SSL/TLS certificates without flexible modes. It requires your server to support full end-to-end encryption.

5. Performance:
Cloudflare SSL: Integrates with Cloudflare's CDN to enhance website speed and performance by caching content and reducing latency.
Let's Encrypt: Does not include CDN services. Performance improvements depend on your server and network setup.

6. Community and Support:
Cloudflare SSL: Offers support through documentation, community forums, and paid support plans.
Let's Encrypt: Supported by a large community with extensive documentation and forums. No dedicated support, but many hosting providers offer integrated support.

Conclusion
Both Cloudflare SSL and Let's Encrypt provide excellent options for securing your website with SSL/TLS encryption. Your choice depends on your specific needs and technical capabilities:
- Choose Cloudflare SSL if: You want a comprehensive solution that includes additional security features, performance enhancements, and easy management through a CDN. It’s ideal for users who want a straightforward setup with extra security and performance benefits.
- Choose Let's Encrypt if: You need a free and open-source solution that provides robust encryption without additional features. It’s perfect for developers and small to medium-sized websites looking for a cost-effective way to implement HTTPS.

By understanding the differences between Cloudflare SSL and Let's Encrypt, you can make an informed decision that best suits your website’s security and performance requirements.

Here’s a comprehensive comparison of Cloudflare SSL and Let's Encrypt to help you decide which one is the best fit for your requirements

Cloudflare SSL vs. Let's Encrypt: A Comparative Overview

osTicket is an open-source ticketing system available on the Linux/Windows platform. It is an extremely lightweight, easy-to-use web-based customer support application. It is written in PHP and supports MySQL/MariaDB. Not only that, but it provides Integration with LDAP/Active Directory for central authentication.

osTicket is the most reliable and widely used application for managing and tracking all the tickets. Here are some key features of osTicket.

In this tutorial, you will learn how to install osTIcket with Nginx on Ubuntu 24.04. Before you start, we offer users to use alternative and more easy way to deploy osTicket using Docker technologies with additional features included. 

A sudo user configured with root privileges

Before starting the installation, update the system with latest stable version by executing the below command on your server:

After the system upgraded to the latest packages, you need to install the required dependencies, to do so run the below command in the terminal:


osTicket is an open-source ticketing system available on the Linux/Windows platform. It is an extremely lightweight, easy-to-use web-based customer support application. It is written in PHP and supports MySQL/MariaDB. Not only that, but it provides Integration with LDAP/Active Directory for central authentication.
osTicket is the most reliable and widely used application for managing and tracking all the tickets. Here are some key features of osTicket.
Clean Dashboard Reports
Custom Fields
Custom Columns and Queues
Ticket Filters
Agent Collision Avoidance
Configurable Help Topics
Assign and Transfer Tickets
Auto-Responder
Thread Action
Service Level Agreements
Customer Portal

In this tutorial, you will learn how to install osTIcket with Nginx on Ubuntu 24.04. Before you start, we offer users to use alternative and more easy way to deploy osTicket using Docker technologies with additional features included. 

Prerequisites
A server running Ubuntu 24.04.
A sudo user configured with root privileges

Step 1: Upgrade the base OS
Before starting the installation, update the system with latest stable version by executing the below command on your server:

 


After the system upgraded to the latest packages, you need to install the required dependencies, to do so run the below command in the terminal:

 

Step 2: Install and Configure Nginx Web Server

You can install the nginx web server by executing the command given below:

 


Next, start the nginx service and check the status of the nginx service by running the following command:

 

Now, enable the nginx service at system boot time using the below command:

 

Output:

sohan@ubuntu:~$ sudo systemctl enable nginx
Synchronizing state of nginx.service with SysV service script with /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install.
Executing: /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install enable nginx

Step 3: Install PHP and PHP Modules

Next, Install PHP, and its required dependencies using the command below:

 

Now make the necessary changes in php.ini by editing the file.

 

Here, search for “cgi.fix_pathinfo” uncomment the line, and set its value 0

 

Once you are done with editing, save and close the file.
To apply the changes, you need to restart the php8.3-fpm service and also enable it as a system reboot.

 

Step 4: Install and Configure MariaDB

Now, install the MariaDB database server by executing the command below:
sudo apt install mariadb-server -y

Next, start the MariaDB service, check the service status, and enable the service at system reboot by running the following command:

 

Next, Secure the MariaDB installation by running the below command:

 


Answer the questions below:

Enter current password for root (enter for none):
Switch to unix_socket authentication [Y/n] n
Change the root password? [Y/n] n
Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] Y
Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] Y
Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] Y
Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] Y

Note: We assume that you already set the strong root password, so we don’t need to change to root password here.
Now, log in to the MariaDB shell as a root user by running the following command:

 

Enter, your root password and press “Enter”
Now you need to create a database and user for osTicket.

 

 

You can set the database user and password of your choice.
Now, flush the privileges and exit from the MariaDB shell by running the below command:

flush privileges;
exit;

The output looks like the below:

sohan@ubuntu:~$ sudo mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 42
Server version: 10.11.8-MariaDB-0ubuntu0.24.04.1 Ubuntu 24.04

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> create database osticket_database;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.000 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> grant all privileges on osticket_database.* to osticket_user identified by 'your-password';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.001 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.001 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> exit;
Bye

Step 5: Download and Configure osTicket

Start by acquiring the latest version of osTicket from the GitHub download page.

 

Once you download the package, create a directory for osTicket and extract the downloaded files inside it as shown in the below command.

 

 

Next, change ownership and set the required permission for osTicket directory.

 

 

Then, generate an osTicket configuration file from the given ‘ost-sampleconfig.php’ file using the below command:

 

Step 6: Configure the Nginx virtual host file for osTicket

To access osTicket, you need to create the nginx virtual host file.

sudo vim /etc/nginx/sites-available/osticket.conf

Then, paste the following configuration into it:

 

Please note that here, you need to replace example.com with your domain_name/server_IP address.
Save and exit from the vim editor.

Next, create a symlink using the below command:

 

The above command creates a file as shown below:

sohan@ubuntu:~$ ll /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
total 8
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jul  7 19:42 ./
drwxr-xr-x 8 root root 4096 Jul  7 12:23 ../
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   40 Jul  7 19:41 osticket.conf -> /etc/nginx/sites-available/osticket.conf
sohan@ubuntu:~$

Now, verify the configuration file using the following command:

sudo nginx -t

Output:

sohan@ubuntu:~$ sudo nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
sohan@ubuntu:~$

Once the configuration test is successful, restart the nginx service to apply the changes.

 

You can check the Nginx service status by executing the command below:

 

Step 7: Access the osTicket

Please open your web browser and navigate to http://example.com to access the osTicket installation page. You will be directed to the prerequisites page.


 


Press the ‘Continue’ button, and you will see the installation page on the next screen.


 


 


 

Set your Helpdesk Name and other details along with the database name, username, and password you set earlier, then click on ‘install now’ button to finish the installation.
You will see the screenshot as shown below:

 

Next, open the osTicket URL and you will see the homepage here http://example.com


 

osTicket Admin Panel: http://example.com/scp/login.php


 

Enter the username and password, you have set at installation time. You will see a screen similar to the one below:

 


OsTicket Admin panel configuration: http://example.com/scp/settings.php
Here, you will see the alert like “Please take a minute to delete setup directory (../setup/) for security reasons.”

To resolve this, delete the setup directory from the osTicket home path.

sudo rm -rf /var/www/html/osticket/upload/setup/


 



 



Think it's too complex? Let us automatically deploy it for you with all above included

 


Conclusion
Congratulations! You have installed osTicket with Nginx on Ubuntu 24.04. osTicket offers great features like customizable fields, ticket routing, customizable logos and many more which make it a perfect solution for small to medium businesses. You can combine with other system as well. It provides robust and cost-effective solution that improve your customer service. Overall, osTicket is a very flexible and reliable solution you can trust for tracking support issues. 




In this tutorial, you will learn how to install osTIcket with Nginx on Ubuntu 24.04.


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